7:1 After the wall had been rebuilt and I had set the doors in place, the gatekeepers, the musicians and the Levites were appointed.
2 I put in charge of Jerusalem my brother Hanani, along with Hananiah the commander of the citadel, because he was a man of integrity and feared God more than most people do.
3 I said to them, “The gates of Jerusalem are not to be opened until the sun is hot. While the gatekeepers are still on duty, have them shut the doors and bar them. Also appoint residents of Jerusalem as guards, some at their posts and some near their own houses.”
4 Now the city was large and spacious, but there were few people in it, and the houses had not yet been rebuilt.
5 So my God put it into my heart to assemble the nobles, the officials and the common people for registration by families. I found the genealogical record of those who had been the first to return. This is what I found written there:
6 These are the people of the province who came up from the captivity of the exiles whom Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon had taken captive (they returned to Jerusalem and Judah, each to his own town,
7 in company with Zerubbabel, Joshua, Nehemiah, Azariah, Raamiah, Nahamani, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispereth, Bigvai, Nehum and Baanah): The list of the men of Israel:
8 the descendants of Parosh 2,172
9 of Shephatiah 372
10 of Arah 652
11 of Pahath-moab (through the line of Jeshua and Joab) 2,818 [supervisors of Moab]
12 of Elam 1,254
13 of Zattu 845
14 of Zakkai 760
15 of Binnui 648
16 of Bebai 628
17 of Azgad 2,322
18 of Adonikam 667
19 of Bigvai 2,067
20 of Adin 655
21 of Ater (through Hezekiah) 98
22 of Hashum 328
23 of Bezai 324
24 of Hariph 112
25 of Gibeon 95
26 the men of Bethlehem and Netophah 188
27 of Anathoth 128
28 of Beth Azmaveth 42
29 of Kiriath Jearim, Kephirah and Beeroth 743
30 of Ramah and Geba 621
31 of Mikmash 122
32 of Bethel and Ai 123
33 of the other Nebo 52
34 of the other Elam 1,254
35 of Harim 320
36 of Jericho 345
37 of Lod, Hadid and Ono 721
38 of Senaah 3,930
39 The priests: the descendants of Jedaiah (through the family of Jeshua) 973
40 of Immer 1,052
41 of Pashhur 1,247
42 of Harim 1,017
43 The Levites: the descendants of Jeshua (through Kadmiel through the line of Hodaviah) 74
44 The musicians: the descendants of Asaph 148
45 The gatekeepers: the descendants of Shallum, Ater, Talmon, Akkub, Hatita and Shobai 138
46 The temple servants: the descendants of Ziha, Hasupha, Tabbaoth,
47 Keros, Sia, Padon,
48 Lebana, Hagaba, Shalmai,
49 Hanan, Giddel, Gahar,
50 Reaiah, Rezin, Nekoda,
51 Gazzam, Uzza, Paseah,
52 Besai, Meunim, Nephusim,
53 Bakbuk, Hakupha, Harhur,
54 Bazluth, Mehida, Harsha,
55 Barkos, Sisera, Temah,
56 Neziah and Hatipha
57 The descendants of the servants of Solomon: the descendants of Sotai, Sophereth, Perida,
58 Jaala, Darkon, Giddel,
59 Shephatiah, Hattil, Pokereth-hazzebaim and Amon
60 The temple servants and the descendants of the servants of Solomon 392
61 The following came up from the towns of Tel Melah, Tel Harsha, Kerub, Addon and Immer, but they could not show that their families were descended from Israel:
62 the descendants of Delaiah, Tobiah and Nekoda 642
63 And from among the priests: the descendants of Hobaiah, Hakkoz and Barzillai (a man who had married a daughter of Barzillai the Gileadite and was called by that name).
64 These searched for their family records, but they could not find them and so were excluded from the priesthood as unclean.
65 The governor, therefore, ordered them not to eat any of the most sacred food until there should be a priest ministering with the Urim and Thummim.
66 The whole company numbered 42,360,
67 besides their 7,337 male and female slaves; and they also had 245 male and female singers.
68 There were 736 horses, 245 mules,
69 435 camels and 6,720 donkeys.
70 Some of the heads of the families contributed to the work. The governor gave to the treasury 1,000 darics of gold, 50 bowls and 530 garments for priests.
71 Some of the heads of the families gave to the treasury for the work 20,000 darics of gold and 2,200 minas of silver.
72 The total given by the rest of the people was 20,000 darics of gold, 2,000 minas of silver and 67 garments for priests.
73 The priests, the Levites, the gatekeepers, the musicians and the temple servants, along with certain of the people and the rest of the Israelites, settled in their own towns. When the seventh month came and the Israelites had settled in their towns,
There are 18 family names mentioned. 20 different towns and villages. 4,289 priests. And a number of family lines represented by individuals. Plus servants. Nehemiah’s grand total of 49,942 people (including those mentioned after verse 66) is very close to Ezra’s total of 49,897 (Ezra 2:64-65). The extra 45 in Nehemiah’s total are the singers (Nehemiah had 245 whereas Ezra referred to 200).
We don’t know why there is a difference. It may have been that the count had been taken at different times. It may have been that since the discrepancy is related to the singers that Ezra wasn’t counting the tenors.
Actually, there are some other differences between Ezra’s count and Nehemiah’s count, and the difference is probably a combination of discrepancy between women and children; the accounting of the Northern Tribes who were not settled in Jerusalem participated in the rebuild; or it may have been those that are described in verses 61-63, which we’ll take a look at in a moment.
Now, while this passage is curious and interesting because it gives us some insight to what was happening at that time, the purpose of this passage is not to give us a history lesson on the rebuilding of the walls of Jerusalem.
The Bible is not a history book about man. It is a history book about God. It is the story of God’s love and desire to relate to mankind. To accomplish His purpose and plan in His creation.
If you read this passage from the standpoint of the history of man, it becomes rather cumbersome and boring. But when you read this passage from the standpoint of the history of God and how He seeks to relate to His creation, it becomes a very different and powerful story.
You see to us, those names mean very little. They may be curious or interesting. Especially when you look at what some of the names mean…
But the truth that we need to cull from this passage is that every one of these people were important to God.
He created every one of them…with a purpose and plan for every one of them…each one with an eternal destiny designed by God.
25 … Palal the son of Uzai repaired opposite the buttress and the tower projecting from the upper house of the king at the court of the guard. After him Pedaiah the son of Parosh
26 and the temple servants living on Ophel repaired to a point opposite the Water Gate on the east and the projecting tower.
Nehemiah 3:25-26
We tend to look at people for what they are worth to us. God looks at us for what we are worth for eternity.
Even the ones that it looked like they had no future…no right to be there…no hope:
61 The following came up from the towns of Tel Melah, Tel Harsha, Kerub, Addon and Immer, but they could not show that their families were descended from Israel:
62 the descendants of Delaiah, Tobiah and Nekoda 642
63 And from among the priests: the descendants of Hobaiah, Hakkoz and Barzillai (a man who had married a daughter of Barzillai the Gileadite and was called by that name).
64 These searched for their family records, but they could not find them and so were excluded from the priesthood as unclean.
65 The governor, therefore, ordered them not to eat any of the most sacred food until there should be a priest ministering with the Urim and Thummim.
Nehemiah 7:61-65
These were a number of people there who had no family record. They couldn’t prove their right to the community. They had no identity.
But they weren’t excluded without hope.
It was required that they meet with a priest that could use the Urim & Thummim to determine their fate.
Now, we have no historical evidence to affirm what the Urim & Thummim were. Many speculate that they were small stones. Some have suggested they were actually pieces of bone or wood. But whatever they were, they were used to determine fault or innocence, or truth or lie.
Urim and Thummim essentially means cursed or faultless
The reason they used the Urim and Thummim was because they had not been given the Holy Spirit to lead them. So God used other methods to reveal truth.
But you have the Holy Spirit!
But the Advocate, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, will teach you all things and will remind you of everything I have said to you.
John 14:26
8 When he comes, he will prove the world to be in the wrong about sin and righteousness and judgment:
9 about sin, because people do not believe in me;
10 about righteousness, because I am going to the Father, where you can see me no longer;
11 and about judgment, because the prince of this world now stands condemned.
John 16:8-11
And to use anything other than the Word of God and the Holy Spirit to determine truth and the revelation of God is violating God’s standard and method.
Now, back to our passage in Nehemiah where the priest used the Urim and Thummim…
whatever and however it was used, this passage is a beautiful picture of God’s grace.
See, none of us has any right to the family of God. Our sin has separated us. We can’t plead immunity because of our lineage or our good works or our good name. We are separated from God.
For all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God.
Romans 3:23
That’s a desperate position to be in. In the OT, the priest would use the Urim and Thummin to determine your condition, but he couldn’t do anything about it.
But God became our High Priest to provide a way for us to pass from being cursed to being faultless.
Therefore, since we have a great high priest who has ascended into heaven, Jesus the Son of God, let us hold firmly to the faith we profess.
Hebrews 4:14
God provided a way for YOU to have a place in the family of God…forever!
The apostle Paul explained it this way:
13 For he has rescued us from the dominion of darkness and brought us into the kingdom of the Son he loves,
14 in whom we have redemption, the forgiveness of sins.
Colossians 1:13-14